Perhaps the most familiar and endearing feature of traditional sauna design is their construction from wood. While the design and architecture of saunas may have changes significantly, the use of wood has endured. Several species of wood can be used in the construction of a sauna interior, each with its own aesthetic appeal and unique characteristics that makes the sauna so appealing. But it’s not just a matter of tradition; saunas are made of wood for practical reasons, including its durability, its resistance to both moisture and heat and its ability to remain cool to the touch. However, to truly enjoy the full benefits of saunas and the remarkable qualities of the wood used in their construction, it is essential to be alert to a potential danger that is often overlooked but can have serious consequences: charred wood.
What you should know about charred wood in saunas and why it should not be ignored
In this post, we reveal why charring happens, the risks associated with charred wood in saunas, what not to do when charring occurs and some measures to avoid charred wood.
What is charred wood and why it does it occur?
Charred wood in a sauna is a sign that the wood has been exposed to prolonged high heat and humidity. Characterised by a blackened appearance it typically occurs as a result of improper ventilation and a subsequent build-up of heat and moisture which is trapped with nowhere to go. In the absence of oxygen, the wood then undergoes a chemical reaction, known as pyrolysis, that causes the charring. It can also occur when flammable materials are placed too close to the sauna heater.
What are the risks/effects of charred wood in a sauna?
Spending time in a sauna should be an incredibly relaxing and therapeutic experience. However, the appearance and lingering smell of burnt or charred wood will diminish the relaxation and rejuvenation it should provide. But, beyond the aesthetic concerns, if left untreated or not replaced, a charred sauna can pose serious risks to health and safety. A major concern with charred wood in a sauna is the release of toxic substances, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carbon monoxide and the presence of airborne particles. These compounds all carry significant health hazards. Charred surfaces can also compromise the safety of the sauna, leaving them more susceptible to structural weakness, further damage and exacerbating the risk of accidents or injuries.
What to do and what not to do if sauna charring occurs
Once a sauna shows signs of charring it’s time to replace it. Saunas should not be reboarded and should never be over boarded. Trapping burnt timber/tinder behind a new board can create a chimney effect and this can potentially lead to a fire. Facilities with a sauna should also be aware that their building insurance may not be valid if they overboard a burnt sauna.
How to prevent sauna charring
Install proper ventilation:
Proper ventilation is integral to any sauna build. A constant source of fresh air ensures the heat (hot air) is adequately circulated and helps the sauna heater work as it should, controlling heat and moisture levels more effectively. It also removes ‘used’ air from the room before it becomes stagnant and ensures any volatile or organic compounds, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions entering the sauna air are expelled quickly and efficiently, maintaining the ideal air quality.
Ensure adequate insulation:
Adequate insulation with heat, moisture and mould resistant properties helps the sauna heat up more quickly, reduces heat loss (and running costs) and it protects the surrounding building materials from the sauna’s heat.
Use quality build materials:
When selecting wood for saunas, it’s important to choose a species that is robust and durable, remains comfortable to touch even at high temperatures, and can withstand frequent temperature changes and humidity levels. High quality, fire-resistant materials should also be used for insulation and inner panelling.
Maintain a safe distance from the sauna heater:
Ensure the appropriate clearance between the heater and the surrounding wooden panels is maintained and prevent any other flammable materials a safe distance from the heater to prevent the risk of accidental fire.
Ensure regular maintenance and cleaning:
Ensure regular maintenance of your sauna, inspecting for signs of charring and checking and addressing any signs of wear or damage. Keep the sauna clean the vent, chimney, and flue and free from dust, debris and flammable materials, and regularly clean the wood panels to prevent the accumulation of residues that could increase the risk of charring. Pay special attention to any areas where moisture tends to accumulate.
Bespoke Sauna Solutions
At Topline Pools and Wellness, we understand the significance of a safe and healthy sauna experience. As professional sauna builders, we use only the finest timbers and quality fixings and are renowned for our craftmanship and attention to detail. We have a thorough understanding of all design and construction aspects involved in building and installing saunas and ensuring effective heat movement and circulation. And our experienced service engineers are skilled in identifying and addressing any issues that may be overlooked during routine maintenance, ensuring the long-term reliability and safety of your sauna.
If you find or suspect that your sauna contains charred wood, get in touch today.
